{"id":12587,"date":"2015-01-06T12:41:19","date_gmt":"2015-01-06T17:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ebola.local\/?p=12587"},"modified":"2021-06-21T14:36:45","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T18:36:45","slug":"anthropology-and-ebola-communication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"Anthropologie et communication Ebola"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La communication sur la sant\u00e9 s&#039;est souvent inspir\u00e9e de la discipline du marketing pour conceptualiser comment nous faisons ce que nous faisons, en particulier lorsqu&#039;il s&#039;agit de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 o\u00f9 les gens doivent utiliser un produit ou un service. Le marketing de la sant\u00e9 s&#039;int\u00e9resse principalement \u00e0 ce que les gens <em>fais<\/em>. Une autre discipline de plus en plus reconnue comme cruciale dans la lutte contre Ebola est l&#039;anthropologie. Si le marketing s&#039;int\u00e9resse \u00e0 ce que font les gens, l&#039;anthropologie s&#039;int\u00e9resse \u00e0 <em>Pourquoi<\/em> ils le font \u2013 la \u00ab logique interne \u00bb d&#039;une pratique ou d&#039;un syst\u00e8me culturel.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12590\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12590\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12590\" src=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost-300x200.png\" alt=\"Bong County, Liberia - October 9, 2014: An Ebola response team from the Bong County Ebola treatment unit educates a town in Bong Mines about Ebola. Their ambulance has already collected many people from this town. Several have died, but there has been at least one survivor who has returned. Photo by Morgana Wingard\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost-705x470.png 705w, https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost.png 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12590\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comt\u00e9 de Bong, Lib\u00e9ria - 9 octobre 2014 : Une \u00e9quipe d&#039;intervention Ebola de l&#039;unit\u00e9 de traitement Ebola du comt\u00e9 de Bong \u00e9duque une ville de Bong Mines sur Ebola. Leur ambulance a d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses personnes de cette ville. Plusieurs sont morts, mais il y a eu au moins un survivant qui est revenu. Photo de Morgana Wingard<\/p><\/div>\n<p>L&#039;anthropologie utilise une pratique appel\u00e9e la m\u00e9thode ethnographique pour comprendre les cultures par le biais d&#039;entretiens et d&#039;observations. Pour les praticiens de la communication en sant\u00e9 bas\u00e9s en dehors des communaut\u00e9s cibles, l&#039;une des contributions les plus pr\u00e9cieuses de l&#039;anthropologie est peut-\u00eatre son r\u00f4le de \u00abtraduction\u00bb entre les communaut\u00e9s, aidant les \u00e9trangers \u00e0 comprendre ce qui se passe dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et ce que cela signifie pour les personnes qui y vivent. Comme nous l&#039;avons vu dans cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie d&#039;Ebola, les communaut\u00e9s m\u00e9dicales \/ d&#039;intervention en cas de crise \/ gouvernementales ne comprennent pas toujours pleinement les pr\u00e9occupations et la vision du monde des communaut\u00e9s touch\u00e9es, ou peut-\u00eatre n&#039;appr\u00e9cient-elles tout simplement pas l&#039;impact profond que cette vision du monde peut avoir sur tentatives des agents de sant\u00e9 pour arr\u00eater la propagation de la maladie.<\/p>\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, de nombreux professionnels de la communication en sant\u00e9 utilisent l&#039;ethnographie dans leur travail quotidien. Nous effectuons ou utilisons des ethnographies et cherchons \u00e0 comprendre comment les cultures sont assembl\u00e9es et comment les gens de ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s se comprennent eux-m\u00eames, afin de pouvoir introduire de nouvelles id\u00e9es ou de nouveaux comportements sur la sant\u00e9 qui pr\u00e9viendront la maladie. Comprendre la culture est depuis longtemps la meilleure pratique standard pour communiquer sur la sant\u00e9 reproductive, le VIH et le paludisme, pour n&#039;en citer que quelques-uns. En cas de crise, cependant, souvent la chose qu&#039;il est possible de faire rapidement est ce qui est fait. L&#039;ethnographie n&#039;est pas rapide, ou du moins elle peut souffrir si elle est faite rapidement (<a title=\"si l&#039;ethnologie rapide &quot;d&#039;entreprise&quot; faite pour comprendre les march\u00e9s est utile\" href=\"http:\/\/ethnographymatters.net\/blog\/2012\/01\/13\/does-corporate-ethnography-suck-a-cultural-analysis-of-academic-critiques-of-private-sector-ethnography-part-1-of-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voici une fascinante s\u00e9rie de blogs<\/a> de l&#039;utilit\u00e9 d&#039;une ethnologie \u00ab d&#039;entreprise \u00bb rapide pour comprendre les march\u00e9s). Il est prouv\u00e9 que les premi\u00e8res phases de la riposte \u00e0 Ebola n&#039;ont pas utilis\u00e9 une perspective anthropologique, et qu&#039;elle est maintenant n\u00e9cessaire de toute urgence. Un exemple simple tir\u00e9 d&#039;une fin d&#039;ann\u00e9e du Washington Post &quot;<a title=\"Qu&#039;avons-nous appris sur Ebola\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/ebolas-lessons-painfully-learned-at-great-cost-in-dollars-and-human-lives\/2014\/12\/28\/dcc8c50a-87c2-11e4-a702-fa31ff4ae98e_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qu&#039;avons-nous appris sur Ebola<\/a>\u00bb est la couleur des sacs mortuaires : au Lib\u00e9ria, le blanc est la couleur du deuil, et la couleur du linceul utilis\u00e9 pour enterrer les corps. Mais les sacs mortuaires utilis\u00e9s pour les victimes d&#039;Ebola \u00e9taient noirs et les gens ne voulaient pas que leurs proches y soient enterr\u00e9s. Ils ont donc commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser des sacs mortuaires blancs \u00e0 la place. C&#039;est cette hypoth\u00e8se que ce qui n&#039;a pas d&#039;importance pour soi (la couleur d&#039;un sac mortuaire) n&#039;a pas d&#039;importance pour les autres qui nous met dans l&#039;eau chaude. Nous ne savons pas ce que nous ne savons pas, mais l&#039;anthropologie peut nous aider \u00e0 le d\u00e9couvrir.<\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus sur l&#039;influence de la culture sur l&#039;\u00e9pid\u00e9mie d&#039;Ebola, lisez les articles (\u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s ci-dessous) \u00e9crits par des anthropologues ou avec une perspective anthropologique. Aussi, voici un bel aper\u00e7u de ce que l&#039;anthropologie nous a permis d&#039;apprendre sur la transmission d&#039;Ebola, appel\u00e9 <a title=\"L&#039;anthropologie au temps d&#039;Ebola\" href=\"http:\/\/somatosphere.net\/2014\/09\/notes-from-case-zero-anthropology-in-the-time-of-ebola.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&#039;anthropologie au temps d&#039;Ebola<\/a>.) La National Public Radio a \u00e9galement un article sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/blogs\/goatsandsoda\/2014\/09\/28\/351845664\/the-experts-missing-from-the-ebola-response-anthropologists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&quot;les experts manquants&quot;, c&#039;est-\u00e0-dire les anthropologues<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Articles \u00e9crits par des anthropologues ou avec une perspective anthropologique :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"R\u00e9ponses communautaires \u00e0 Ebola dans les zones urbaines du Lib\u00e9ria : la vue d&#039;en bas\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tecom.usmc.mil\/caocl\/EbolaResponse\/Reference Materials\/Community-Centered Response to EVD- A View from Below.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R\u00e9ponses communautaires \u00e0 Ebola dans les zones urbaines du Lib\u00e9ria : la vue d&#039;en bas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Lib\u00e9ria : traitement des corps et m\u00e9moriaux nationaux \u2013 perceptions de la communaut\u00e9 de Monrovia\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebola-anthropology.net\/key_messages\/liberia-handling-of-bodies-and-national-memorials-community-perceptions-from-monrovia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lib\u00e9ria : traitement des corps et m\u00e9moriaux nationaux \u2013 perceptions de la communaut\u00e9 de Monrovia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Croyances locales et changement de comportement pour pr\u00e9venir Ebola en Sierra Leone\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heart-resources.org\/2014\/11\/ebola-local-beliefs-behaviour-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Croyances locales et changement de comportement pour pr\u00e9venir Ebola en Sierra Leone<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u00c9tude d&#039;anthropologie m\u00e9dicale sur l&#039;\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de maladie \u00e0 virus Ebola (MVE) au Lib\u00e9ria\/Afrique de l&#039;Ouest\" href=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/ebolacomresource\/who-medical-anthropology-study-of-the-ebola-outbreak-in-liberiawest-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00c9tude d&#039;anthropologie m\u00e9dicale sur l&#039;\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de maladie \u00e0 virus Ebola (MVE) au Lib\u00e9ria\/Afrique de l&#039;Ouest<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mobiliser les agents de sant\u00e9 informels pour la riposte \u00e0 Ebola : consid\u00e9rations sur le potentiel et le programme\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebola-anthropology.net\/key_messages\/mobilising-informal-health-workers-for-the-ebola-response-potential-and-programme-considerations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mobiliser les agents de sant\u00e9 informels pour la riposte \u00e0 Ebola : consid\u00e9rations sur le potentiel et le programme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mobiliser les jeunes pour l&#039;\u00e9ducation sur Ebola : Sierra Leone et Lib\u00e9ria\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebola-anthropology.net\/key_messages\/mobilising-youth-for-ebola-education-sierra-leone-and-liberia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mobiliser les jeunes pour l&#039;\u00e9ducation sur Ebola : Sierra Leone et Lib\u00e9ria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebola-anthropology.net\/key_messages\/regional-food-insecurity-work-migration-and-roadblocks\/\">Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire r\u00e9gionale, migration de travail et barrages routiers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebola-anthropology.net\/key_messages\/sierra-leone-gift-giving-during-initial-community-consultations\/\">Sierra Leone : Remise de cadeaux lors des consultations communautaires initiales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.plos.org\/speakingofmedicine\/files\/2014\/10\/Richards-et-al.1.pdf\">Social Pathways for Ebola Virus Disease in rural Sierra Leone, and some implications for confinement, Paul Richards et al<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tecom.usmc.mil\/caocl\/EbolaResponse\/Reference%20Materials\/The%20flow%20of%20money%20at%20the%20community%20level.pdf\">Le flux d&#039;argent au niveau communautaire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/9243707\/The_Opposite_of_Denial_Social_Learning_at_the_Onset_of_the_Ebola_Emergency_in_Liberia\">Le contraire du d\u00e9ni\u00a0: l&#039;apprentissage social au d\u00e9but de l&#039;urgence Ebola au Lib\u00e9ria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/fr\/Anthropological insights into infection and social resistance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&#039;importance de la mort, des fun\u00e9railles et de l&#039;au-del\u00e0 dans la Sierra Leone, la Guin\u00e9e et le Lib\u00e9ria touch\u00e9s par Ebola : aper\u00e7us anthropologiques de l&#039;infection et de la r\u00e9sistance sociale<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Health communication has often drawn from the discipline of marketing in conceptualizing how we do what we do, especially when it comes to health issues where people need to use a product or service. Health marketing is concerned primarily with what people do. Another discipline that is increasingly recognized as crucial to the fight against [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":12590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[282],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-12587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-ebola-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Anthropology and Ebola Communication - Ebola Communication Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anthropology and Ebola Communication - Ebola Communication Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Health communication has often drawn from the discipline of marketing in conceptualizing how we do what we do, especially when it comes to health issues where people need to use a product or service. Health marketing is concerned primarily with what people do. Another discipline that is increasingly recognized as crucial to the fight against [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ebola Communication Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-01-06T17:41:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-21T18:36:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/ebolaanthropologypost.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lisa Cobb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lisa Cobb\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lisa Cobb\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/85998668e7c94f82ab853b3d71bf89c9\"},\"headline\":\"Anthropology and Ebola Communication\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-01-06T17:41:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-21T18:36:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":733,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/ebolaanthropologypost.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Ebola News\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Anthropology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/\",\"name\":\"Anthropology and Ebola Communication - Ebola Communication Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/ebolaanthropologypost.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-01-06T17:41:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-21T18:36:45+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/85998668e7c94f82ab853b3d71bf89c9\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/anthropology-and-ebola-communication\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/ebolaanthropologypost.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/ebolaanthropologypost.png\",\"width\":900,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"Bong County, Liberia - October 9, 2014: An Ebola response team from the Bong County Ebola treatment unit educates a town in Bong Mines about Ebola. Their ambulance has already collected many people from this town. Several have died, but there has been at least one survivor who has returned. 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She has worked in many areas of health communication, from counseling self-neglecting elders in the US, to teaching health classes in Turkmenistan, to designing and overseeing large and complex programs at scale. In her role as a Senior Program Officer for Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Ms. Cobb provides leadership, oversight and technical guidance to programs in Nigeria and Kenya, using her expertise in program design, strategic planning and management to ensure programs meet their goals. 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