{"id":12419,"date":"2014-11-24T15:07:54","date_gmt":"2014-11-24T20:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ebola.local\/?p=12419"},"modified":"2021-06-21T14:35:03","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T18:35:03","slug":"ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Ebola est r\u00e9el\u00a0: utilisation de la th\u00e9orie pour d\u00e9velopper des messages en cas de crise sanitaire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Question:<\/strong> Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux messages ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00ab Ebola est r\u00e9el ! Si vous l&#039;obtenez, vous mourrez !<\/strong><br \/>\net<br \/>\n<strong>\u00ab Ebola est r\u00e9el ! Si vous vous faites soigner, vous avez cinquante pour cent de chances de gu\u00e9rison ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9ponse:<\/strong> La th\u00e9orie. Le mod\u00e8le de processus parall\u00e8le \u00e9tendu, ou EPPM, pour \u00eatre exact.<\/p>\n<p>Ces messages proviennent d&#039;un grand <a title=\"Article du New Yorker Ebola\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/ebola-culture-makers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article dans le New Yorker sur l&#039;utilisation des \u00ab cr\u00e9ateurs de culture \u00bb<\/a> (c&#039;est-\u00e0-dire des artistes, des dirigeants communautaires) dans la communication Ebola. L&#039;article d\u00e9crit l&#039;exp\u00e9rience d&#039;un membre du personnel de l&#039;ONG Search for Common Ground, Mike Jobbins, avec la communication Ebola au Lib\u00e9ria au d\u00e9but de l&#039;\u00e9pid\u00e9mie :<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12420\" style=\"width: 267px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/ebolaisreal.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12420\" class=\"wp-image-12420 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/ebolaisreal-257x300.png\" alt=\"Ebola is Real messaging\" width=\"257\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12420\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo par Elizabeth Serlemitsos<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00ab Au Lib\u00e9ria, m&#039;a dit Jobbins, ses coll\u00e8gues locaux ont d\u00fb faire face \u00e0 une premi\u00e8re vague de slogans du gouvernement qui \u00e9quivalaient \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0Ebola est r\u00e9el, si vous l&#039;attrapez, vous mourrez\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb La campagne, a-t-il dit, a envoy\u00e9 &quot;un message terrible, en particulier dans une population touch\u00e9e par la guerre o\u00f9 il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 tant de fatalisme&quot;. Le groupe a propos\u00e9 une alternative, comme Jobbins s&#039;en souvient : \u00ab Que diriez-vous, &#039;Ebola est r\u00e9el, et si vous cherchez un traitement, vous avez cinquante pour cent de chances de gu\u00e9rison ?&#039; &quot; Il a ajout\u00e9: &quot;Vous devez atteindre ce point id\u00e9al pour le traiter suffisamment au s\u00e9rieux pour que les gens \u00e9coutent et agissent, mais pas au point que les gens deviennent fatalistes.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>Ce que Jobbins d\u00e9crit, c&#039;est l&#039;impact de la th\u00e9orie sur la messagerie. Le premier message, \u00ab Ebola est r\u00e9el ! Si vous l&#039;obtenez, vous mourrez ! vise \u00e0 communiquer la menace r\u00e9elle et mortelle d&#039;Ebola. Mais malheureusement, le message ne r\u00e9pond pas au fait que lorsque nous sommes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des choses effrayantes et mena\u00e7antes que nous ne pouvons pas contr\u00f4ler, nous avons tendance \u00e0 faire l&#039;autruche et \u00e0 pr\u00e9tendre que la menace n&#039;existe pas. Cette tendance trop humaine est d\u00e9crite par l&#039;EPPM. La th\u00e9orie, cependant, donne \u00e9galement une solution\u00a0: bien que nous ayons tendance \u00e0 r\u00e9agir \u00e0 la peur des choses que nous ne pouvons pas contr\u00f4ler par l&#039;\u00e9vitement, nous r\u00e9pondons \u00e0 la peur des choses que nous ne pouvons pas contr\u00f4ler. <em>bo\u00eete<\/em> contr\u00f4le avec action. Ce petit bout de compr\u00e9hension th\u00e9orique ouvre la voie \u00e0 un nouveau message : \u00ab Ebola est r\u00e9el ! Faites-vous soigner et vous pourrez survivre !<\/p>\n<p>Dans l&#039;EPPM, la peur est appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0menace\u00a0\u00bb et la croyance que l&#039;on peut faire quelque chose pour \u00e9viter la menace est appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0efficacit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Cette relation Menace\/Efficacit\u00e9 est comme une \u00e9quation qui doit \u00eatre \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e de part et d&#039;autre d&#039;un signe \u00e9gal\u00a0: la menace que nous communiquons doit \u00eatre contrebalanc\u00e9e par une action r\u00e9alisable que le public peut entreprendre pour \u00e9viter la menace. Trop peu de peur avec beaucoup d&#039;efficacit\u00e9 aboutit \u00e0 l&#039;apathie ; trop de peur avec trop peu d&#039;efficacit\u00e9 aboutit \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9vitement. Le point id\u00e9al est la sym\u00e9trie, o\u00f9 juste assez de peur rencontre beaucoup d&#039;efficacit\u00e9 et ils se traduisent par une action.<\/p>\n<p>L&#039;utilisation de la th\u00e9orie dans les messages sur la sant\u00e9 n&#039;a pas besoin d&#039;\u00eatre une entreprise colossale, et vous n&#039;avez pas besoin d&#039;\u00eatre un chercheur pour le faire. Ce que la th\u00e9orie fait pour la communication en sant\u00e9, c&#039;est fournir une feuille de route \u00e0 votre travail. Il explique ce que vous esp\u00e9rez qu&#039;il se produise et pourquoi. Cela donne une structure \u00e0 votre pens\u00e9e, et dans les pires moments, un peu de structure et de conseils peuvent \u00eatre tr\u00e8s utiles pour vous emp\u00eacher de vous \u00e9loigner trop du chemin.<\/p>\n<p>D&#039;accord, vous pouvez donc utiliser le mod\u00e8le de traitement parall\u00e8le \u00e9tendu pour tout, n&#039;est-ce pas\u00a0? C&#039;est la seule th\u00e9orie dont vous aurez besoin, n&#039;est-ce pas\u00a0? Et bien non. Si vous l&#039;essayez sur un autre probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, vous comprendrez pourquoi. Prenez la planification familiale. En surface, EPPM <em>semble<\/em> au travail - augmentez la menace per\u00e7ue d&#039;une grossesse non d\u00e9sir\u00e9e, augmentez la capacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue d&#039;utiliser la contraception et vous avez une utilisation accrue de la contraception. Sauf que les b\u00e9b\u00e9s ne sont pas des virus et que les femmes n&#039;aiment pas les consid\u00e9rer comme des menaces \u00e0 \u00e9viter. Au lieu de cela, les femmes pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent souvent consid\u00e9rer les b\u00e9b\u00e9s comme des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions, m\u00eame lorsqu&#039;elles ne veulent pas particuli\u00e8rement \u00eatre b\u00e9nies avec un b\u00e9b\u00e9 en ce moment. Cela appelle une th\u00e9orie diff\u00e9rente, une th\u00e9orie qui pr\u00e9dit le comportement en fonction de la fa\u00e7on dont une femme pense et se sent. <a title=\"Ab\u00e9c\u00e9daire de recherche sur l&#039;id\u00e9ation\" href=\"http:\/\/www.healthcommcapacity.org\/hc3resources\/ideation-hc3-research-primer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&#039;id\u00e9ation est l&#039;une de ces th\u00e9ories<\/a> \u2013 voici une vid\u00e9o sur la fa\u00e7on dont il est utilis\u00e9 dans la promotion de la planification familiale.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cf361Tvz4wQ?list=UUB8Fmc5qiknSSXXmV0RmOzA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Donc, si une th\u00e9orie ne couvre pas toute la communication pour le changement de comportement, comment savoir laquelle vous aidera le mieux \u00e0 concevoir votre intervention\u00a0? Voici quelques outils. Tout d&#039;abord c&#039;est sympa <a title=\"S\u00e9lecteur de th\u00e9orie du CDC\" href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e9lecteur de th\u00e9orie du CDC<\/a>. Il donne un aper\u00e7u des principales th\u00e9ories du changement de comportement, notamment\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diffusion de l&#039;innovation <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/doi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/doi.html<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Mod\u00e8le de traitement parall\u00e8le \u00e9tendu <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/eppm.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/eppm.html<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Mod\u00e8le de croyance en la sant\u00e9 <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/hbm.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/hbm.html<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e9orie de l&#039;action raisonn\u00e9e <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/tpb.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/tpb.html<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e9orie de l&#039;apprentissage social <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/slt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/slt.html<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Mod\u00e8le trans-th\u00e9orique <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/ttm.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.orau.gov\/hsc\/theorypicker\/ttm.html<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il peut \u00e9galement vous guider \u00e0 travers une s\u00e9rie de questions pour voir quelle th\u00e9orie correspond le mieux \u00e0 votre probl\u00e8me. J&#039;ai essay\u00e9 cela avec Ebola, et le vieux truisme \u00ab ordures \u00e0 l&#039;int\u00e9rieur, ordures \u00e0 la sortie \u00bb s&#039;applique. Lorsque j&#039;ai essay\u00e9 de r\u00e9pondre aux questions en pensant uniquement \u00e0 la &quot;pr\u00e9vention d&#039;Ebola&quot;, je n&#039;ai pas pu r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions telles que\u00a0: &quot;De nombreux membres de l&#039;auditoire pensent d\u00e9j\u00e0 que les cons\u00e9quences de ce comportement seraient plus positives que n\u00e9gatives.&quot; Mais quand j&#039;ai pens\u00e9 plus sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 un seul comportement (j&#039;ai choisi un enterrement s\u00fbr), le Picker m&#039;a effectivement donn\u00e9 l&#039;EPPM comme l&#039;une des deux principales options \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer. Le Picker semble \u00eatre un bon outil pour explorer la th\u00e9orie d&#039;une mani\u00e8re vraiment pratique.<\/p>\n<p>Pour un examen plus approfondi de certaines th\u00e9ories et de leur application, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.healthcommcapacity.org\/hc3-project-materials\/#!\/resource_type=72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voici une collection de br\u00e8ves notes de recherche<\/a>. Et si les th\u00e9ories du changement de comportement ne vous suffisent pas et que vous souhaitez vous plonger dans les th\u00e9ories qui guident quel m\u00e9dia utiliser pour communiquer quels messages, essayez ceci <a href=\"http:\/\/sbccimplementationkits.org\/demandrmnch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Media-Selection-in-Demand-Generation-Programs-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guide sur la s\u00e9lection des m\u00e9dias<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Question: What is the difference between these two messages? \u201cEbola is real! If you get it, you\u2019ll die!\u201d and \u201cEbola is real! If you seek treatment you have a fifty-per-cent chance of recovery?\u201d Answer: Theory. The Extended Parallel Process Model, or EPPM, to be exact. These messages come from a great article in the New [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":12420,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-12419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-and-behavior-change-communication","tag-ebola-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ebola is Real: Using Theory to Develop Messaging in a Health Crisis - Ebola Communication Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ebola is Real: Using Theory to Develop Messaging in a Health Crisis - Ebola Communication Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Question: What is the difference between these two messages? \u201cEbola is real! If you get it, you\u2019ll die!\u201d and \u201cEbola is real! If you seek treatment you have a fifty-per-cent chance of recovery?\u201d Answer: Theory. The Extended Parallel Process Model, or EPPM, to be exact. These messages come from a great article in the New [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ebola Communication Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-11-24T20:07:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-21T18:35:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/ebolaisreal.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"698\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lisa Cobb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lisa Cobb\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lisa Cobb\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/85998668e7c94f82ab853b3d71bf89c9\"},\"headline\":\"Ebola is Real: Using Theory to Develop Messaging in a Health Crisis\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-11-24T20:07:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-21T18:35:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":977,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/ebolaisreal.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Ebola News\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Social and Behavior Change Communication\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\\\/fr\\\/ebola-is-real-using-theory-to-develop-messaging-in-a-health-crisis\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ebola is Real: Using Theory to Develop Messaging in a Health Crisis - 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If you get it, you\u2019ll die!\u201d and \u201cEbola is real! If you seek treatment you have a fifty-per-cent chance of recovery?\u201d Answer: Theory. The Extended Parallel Process Model, or EPPM, to be exact. 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