{"id":12239,"date":"2014-11-11T14:29:58","date_gmt":"2014-11-11T19:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ebola.local\/?p=12239"},"modified":"2022-06-22T17:15:47","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T21:15:47","slug":"what-can-be-done-to-reduce-stigma-and-help-communities-get-beyond-fear","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/what-can-be-done-to-reduce-stigma-and-help-communities-get-beyond-fear\/","title":{"rendered":"Que peut-on faire pour r\u00e9duire la stigmatisation et aider les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 surmonter la peur"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/i_am_a_liberian_500.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-12261\" src=\"http:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/i_am_a_liberian_500-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"i_am_a_liberian_500\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/i_am_a_liberian_500-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/i_am_a_liberian_500.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Dans la Gr\u00e8ce antique, les esclaves, les tra\u00eetres et autres ind\u00e9sirables \u00e9taient marqu\u00e9s ou marqu\u00e9s pour montrer leur statut inf\u00e9rieur et permettre aux gens de les \u00e9viter. De cette pratique nous obtenons le mot <em>stigmate<\/em>, ou marquer. Aujourd&#039;hui, nous utilisons le mot pour d\u00e9crire la discrimination et l&#039;\u00e9vitement social que subissent les gens pour une myriade de raisons diff\u00e9rentes - orientation sexuelle, \u00e9tat pathologique, poids, origine ethnique. Alors qu&#039;Ebola s&#039;est propag\u00e9, la stigmatisation associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la maladie s&#039;est \u00e9galement propag\u00e9e. Les personnes touch\u00e9es par Ebola \u2013 qui l&#039;ont elles-m\u00eames ou l&#039;ont eu, qui s&#039;occupent de personnes atteintes, ou qui viennent de pays qui en souffrent \u2013 sont marqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments sugg\u00e8rent pourquoi la stigmatisation a suivi Ebola d&#039;une mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente de celle de la grippe, par exemple, qui tue beaucoup plus de personnes chaque ann\u00e9e dans le monde entier.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nouveaut\u00e9<\/strong>. Nous, les humains, n&#039;aimons pas ce que nous ne savons pas. Nous avons tendance \u00e0 nous m\u00e9fier des nouvelles personnes, des technologies et des maladies plus que nous ne nous m\u00e9fions des choses connues, dangereuses mais famili\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Craindre<\/strong>. Avoir peur peut nous faire agir d&#039;une mani\u00e8re que nous ne ferions pas autrement, en repoussant les autres qui ont besoin de soins parce que leur maladie nous effraie tellement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alt\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/strong> Quand les choses sont effrayantes et nouvelles, il est r\u00e9confortant de pouvoir dire \u00ab je ne comprends pas, parce que je ne suis pas comme elle \u00bb. Soit cela cr\u00e9e une dynamique \u00ab\u00a0nous contre eux\u00a0\u00bb pour cr\u00e9er une s\u00e9paration mentale entre les personnes \u00e0 risque et celles qui ne le sont pas (m\u00eame si ce n&#039;est que dans l&#039;imagination), soit cela exacerbe la dynamique existante nous contre eux avec des groupes auparavant stigmatis\u00e9s (pensez \u00e0 l&#039;utilisation de drogues injectables et \u00e0 l&#039;homosexualit\u00e9 au premier abord). d\u00e9but de l&#039;\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de VIH).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La r\u00e9action de beaucoup aux \u00c9tats-Unis est illustrative de la dynamique nouveaut\u00e9\/peur\/alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 : \u2013 Ebola est effrayant, nouveau aux \u00c9tats-Unis, et est amen\u00e9 \u00e0 <em>nous <\/em>de loin par <em>leur.<\/em> Il n&#039;est peut-\u00eatre pas surprenant que la famille de l&#039;homme lib\u00e9rien d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 d&#039;Ebola \u00e0 Dallas ait \u00e9t\u00e9 stigmatis\u00e9e et rejet\u00e9e, et que des infirmi\u00e8res, des m\u00e9decins, des journalistes et des travailleurs humanitaires de tous types revenant du Lib\u00e9ria, de la Sierra Leone et de la Guin\u00e9e aient \u00e9galement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exclus, mis en quarantaine et craints. Ce <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/10\/30\/nyregion\/in-connecticut-a-familys-confusion-after-a-girl-7-is-barred-from-school.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lib\u00e9riens, Sierra L\u00e9onais, Guin\u00e9ens et Nig\u00e9rians \u2013 et leurs enfants<\/a> \u2013 vivant aux \u00c9tats-Unis ont <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eboladeeply.org\/articles\/2014\/10\/6328\/liberian-virus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">v\u00e9cu l&#039;\u00e9vitement et l&#039;humiliation<\/a> est \u00e9pouvantable. L&#039;impact beaucoup plus meurtrier de la stigmatisation, cependant, est dans les pays o\u00f9 Ebola est \u00e9pid\u00e9mique.<\/p>\n<p>Pourquoi la stigmatisation est-elle si importante dans les pays confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies ? C&#039;est parce que la stigmatisation conduit \u00e0 cacher la maladie, ce qui conduit \u00e0 une transmission ult\u00e9rieure. Si les gens ont peur d&#039;une maladie non seulement pour elle-m\u00eame, mais pour ce que les gens vont leur faire (ou ne pas faire pour eux) s&#039;ils l&#039;ont, ils sont moins susceptibles de signaler des sympt\u00f4mes et de demander des soins. La stigmatisation limite \u00e9galement la capacit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre soin <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/10\/20\/world\/africa\/ebola-liberia-orphans\/index.html?iid=article_sidebar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">les enfants rendus malades ou orphelins par la maladie<\/a> et cela emp\u00eache les communaut\u00e9s d&#039;accueillir les survivants dans le giron. Les survivants changent potentiellement la donne dans leurs communaut\u00e9s, capables de soigner les personnes atteintes du virus sans retomber malades. Il est essentiel que les communaut\u00e9s trouvent des moyens de les accueillir chez eux. Au Lib\u00e9ria, au moins, il existe des preuves anecdotiques que la stigmatisation recule \u00e0 mesure que les connaissances correctes se d\u00e9veloppent et que les survivants rentrent chez eux. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/africa\/war-torn-liberia-already-had-too-many-orphans-then-came-ebola\/2014\/10\/07\/6ae5f7a0-4a5f-11e4-891d-713f052086a0_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cet article du Washington Post illustre \u00e0 la fois la stigmatisation et la r\u00e9silience<\/a> d&#039;une communaut\u00e9 travaillant pour s&#039;occuper des enfants touch\u00e9s par Ebola.<\/p>\n<p>D&#039;autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 sont \u00e9galement stigmatis\u00e9s, et nous pouvons apprendre de ces exp\u00e9riences. La comparaison que tout le monde fait est bien s\u00fbr avec le VIH\/SIDA, mais d&#039;autres \u00e9pid\u00e9mies peuvent \u00eatre plus pertinentes. Par exemple, le chol\u00e9ra, comme Ebola, est contagieux, mortel, appara\u00eet dans des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9teindre, et ses victimes et survivants sont stigmatis\u00e9s. En Ha\u00efti, non seulement les personnes atteintes de chol\u00e9ra sont stigmatis\u00e9es, mais aussi les personnes qui font partie int\u00e9grante de sa pr\u00e9vention,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rescue.org\/blog\/discriminated-and-marginalized-men-who-clean-haitis-pit-latrines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> les hommes qui nettoient et entretiennent les latrines<\/a>. L&#039;IRC a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 quelques<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rescue.org\/blog\/haiti-fighting-cholera-and-its-stigma%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> messages et supports cl\u00e9s pour lutter contre la stigmatisation<\/a> et ceux-ci illustrent la simplicit\u00e9 du message et la r\u00e9ponse d&#039;action souhait\u00e9e : le chol\u00e9ra est une maladie comme les autres ; aidez les gens, mais prot\u00e9gez-vous; le chol\u00e9ra ne se transmet pas en serrant la main.<\/p>\n<p>Du point de vue de la communication, que peut-on faire pour r\u00e9duire la stigmatisation et aider les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9passer leur peur pour prendre soin des leurs ? Sur quels messages et canaux devrait-on se concentrer\u00a0? Voici quelques domaines pour la messagerie\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Communiquer <strong>connaissances correctes sur la transmission et le risque<\/strong> (une personne qui n&#039;est pas malade ne repr\u00e9sente pas un risque pour moi, m\u00eame si elle s&#039;est remise d&#039;Ebola)<\/li>\n<li>Augmenter la <strong>sentiment d&#039;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle<\/strong> pour la pr\u00e9vention (je sais ce que je peux faire pour me prot\u00e9ger et prot\u00e9ger ma famille)<\/li>\n<li>Promouvoir le <strong>r\u00f4le des personnes qui ont surv\u00e9cu<\/strong> Ebola (les survivants sont des atouts pour ma communaut\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soins et compassion pour les enfants<\/strong> qui ont perdu leurs soignants (nous sommes tous responsables de prendre soin des enfants de la communaut\u00e9)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Comme pour toute communication, le message que vous devez transmettre et le public que vous essayez d&#039;atteindre vous guideront pour d\u00e9terminer <em>comment<\/em> communiquer. Par exemple, un travail de type campagne m\u00e9diatique de masse peut aider \u00e0 une connaissance correcte, mais n&#039;est pas tr\u00e8s efficace pour transmettre des informations compliqu\u00e9es ; l&#039;\u00e9ducation au divertissement peut aider \u00e0 mod\u00e9liser le changement et \u00e0 promouvoir un comportement prosocial, mais peut prendre du temps \u00e0 produire et \u00e0 diffuser\u00a0; la mobilisation communautaire peut aider \u00e0 organiser les gens pour r\u00e9agir et offre des opportunit\u00e9s de dialogue avec les chefs religieux et culturels. Tous ces canaux (chacun avec ses forces et ses limites) sont plus puissants lorsqu&#039;ils sont utilis\u00e9s ensemble, car les interventions multicanaux \u00e9tendent la port\u00e9e et se renforcent mutuellement.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In ancient Greece, slaves and traitors and other undesirables were marked or branded to show their lowly status and allow people to shun them. From that practice we get the word stigma, or mark. Today we use the word to describe the discrimination and social shunning people experience for myriad different reasons \u2013 sexual orientation, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":12264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-12239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-and-behavior-change-communication","tag-ebola-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Can Be Done to Reduce Stigma and Help Communities Get Beyond Fear - Ebola Communication Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ebolacommunicationnetwork.org\/fr\/what-can-be-done-to-reduce-stigma-and-help-communities-get-beyond-fear\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Can Be Done to Reduce Stigma and Help Communities Get Beyond Fear - Ebola Communication Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In ancient Greece, slaves and traitors and other undesirables were marked or branded to show their lowly status and allow people to shun them. 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